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| − | == Duratec Engine Overview ==
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| − | Duratec is a range of 4, 6 cylinder (V6) and 12 cylinder (V12) petrol engines used in Ford cars.
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| − | Originally there was a 2.5 L V6 introduced with the Mondeo. When the 2000 Mondeo was introduced the 1.8 L and 2.0 L powerplants became Duratecs too.
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| − | Now there are engines of all sizes called Duratec. In North America, Ford uses the Duratec name on all its dual overhead cam engines. In Europe, all Ford gasoline engines are called Duratec.
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| − | == 4 Cylinder ==
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| − | === Duratec HE ===
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| − | The Duratec HE is the name used by Ford of Europe for their family of small straight-4 and V6 petrol engines. The family includes 1.8 L and 2.0 L DOHC 16-valve engines and the 2.5 L V6 (also called the Duratec 25). European engines are built at Valencia Engine Plant in Spain.
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| − | The Focus RS featured a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L Zetec unit producing 215 bhp (160 kW) and 310 Nm of torque, although badged a Duratec-RS.
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| − | Duretec HE is used by Luego Sports Cars
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| − | Focus C-Max and Focus Mk2 versions are drive-by-wire throttle to improve responsiveness.
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| − | The 99P is a 2.0 L (1988 cc) version built in Dearborn, MI. Bore is 84.8 mm and stroke is 88 mm. It is used in the Ford Focus. Output is 110 hp (82 kW) at 5000 RPM with 130 ft.lbf (176 Nm) of torque at 5300 RPM. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum SOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI fuel injection, has roller followers, and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast camshaft, and a cast aluminum or reinforced plastic intake manifold.
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| − | Another version is used in the US-market SVT Focus. Output is 170 hp (127 kW) at 7000 RPM with 145 ft.lbf (197 Nm) of torque at 5500 RPM.
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| − | === Duratec SCi ===
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| − | The 1.8 L was the first European Ford to use direct injection technology, badged SCi for Smart Charge injection. This appeared in the Mondeo in 2003 and is today available on the 2.0 L engine as well as an expected 1.1 L version.
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| − | The SCi engines were designed at Ford's Cologne, Germany facility and are produced there and in Valencia, Spain. The SCi engine is paired with a specially-designed six-speed manual transmission.
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| − | === Duratec 20 ===
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| − | In 2004, Ford dropped the development of their old 4-cylinder Zetec engines in favor of Mazda's MZR 4-cylinder. Thus, 2005+ Duratec 4 cylinder engines are Mazdas. This includes the 2.0 liter Duratec 20 and 2.3 liter Duratec 23.
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| − | The 993 is a 2.0 L (1988 cc) version built in Chihuahua, Mexico. Bore is 84.8 mm and stroke is 88 mm. It is used in the Ford Escape and Focus. Output is 130 hp (97 kW) at 5300 RPM with 135 ft.lbf (183 Nm) of torque at 4500 RPM. It has an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder with VVT and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast camshaft, and a cast aluminum or reinforced plastic intake manifold.
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| − | === Duratec 23 ===
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| − | The Duratec 23 is a 2.3 L (2261 cc) version of the Mazda-designed Duratec 20. Bore is 87.4 mm and stroke is 94 mm. It has an aluminum engine block with cast iron cylinder liners and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder with VCT and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and a one-piece cast camshaft.
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| − | The 23EW is built in Chihuahua, Mexico for use in the US-market Focus, Mazda3 and Mazda6. Output is 144 hp (107 kW) at 5750 RPM with 149 ft.lbf (202 Nm) of torque at 4200 RPM.
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| − | The 23NS is built in Dearborn, MI for the Ford Ranger and Mazda B-Series. Output is 143 hp (107 kW) at 5250 RPM with 154 ft.lbf (209 Nm) of torque at 5750 RPM.
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| − | == Applications ==
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| − | === 23EW ===
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| − | Mazda Mazda3
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| − | Mazda Mazda6
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| − | Ford Focus
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| − | === 23NS ===
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| − | 2005 Ford Escape/Mazda Tribute
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| − | Ford Ranger/Mazda B-Series
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| − | === Duratec E ===
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| − | The Duratec E is a version of the Duratec 23 with California P-ZEV emissions.
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| − | === Duratec 8v ===
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| − | The Duratec 8v name is currently being used to label two totally different engines used in the European Ford Ka.
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| − | The 1,3L Duratec 8V, 44 kW (60PS) is a renamed archaic Endura-E engine The 1,3L Duratec 8V, 51 kW (70PS) and the 1,6L Duratec 8V, 70 kW (95PS) are in fact the Brazilian built Zetec-Rocam engine.
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| − | == 6 Cylinder ==
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| − | All three V6 Duratecs are evolutions of the same design. It is a modern aluminum DOHC V6 with a 60° bank angle. The primary engineering input came from Porsche, who were developing a similar V6 before selling the engineering to Ford, and Cosworth, who helped with cylinder head manufacturing.
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| − | The Jaguar AJ-V6 engine is similar but adds variable valve timing. Mazda's AJ version also has this feature.
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| − | === Duratec 25 ===
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| − | The Duratec 25 is a 2.5 L (2544cc) 60° V6 and was introduced in 1994. It was developed for the Ford Mondeo and used in the Ford Contour, Jaguar X-Type, and others. Bore is 82.4 mm and stroke is 79.5 mm.
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| − | The Duratec 25 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 1995 and 1996, and the SVT version made the list for 1998.
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| − | === Duratec 25 SVT ===
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| − | An SVT version produced 195 hp (145 kW) and 165 ft.lbf (224 Nm). It included a larger throttle body from the Duratec 30, a new cone-shaped air filter, and extrude honing on the intake manifold. A lighter flywheel and low-restriction exhaust complete the picture. The SVT engine was used in the 1998 Ford Contour SVT.
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| − | === Duratec VE ===
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| − | The 2.5 L, 170 hp V6 used in Ford Mondeo is called Duratec VE. At the date of apparition, it was the lightest mass produced 6 cylinder in the world, weighing in at only 175kg. Aluminium block, cylinder heads and intake manifold helped to achieve such low weight. It has 2 stage variable intake, long intake for below ~3200rpm and short intake for above.
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| − | === Mazda AJ ===
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| − | Mazda used the Duratec 25 block and camshaft in their 2000 MPV. However, they reduced the size from 2.54 L to 2.49 L to keep under a 2.5 L tax cap in Japan. This was accomplished with a slightly-shorter stroke. The engine produced 170 hp at 6250 RPM and 165 ft.lbf (224 Nm) of torque. It was replaced in 2002 with the larger 3.0 L Duratec 30-based Mazda AJ.
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| − | === Duratec 30 ===
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| − | Ford's standard DOHC V6 is known as the Duratec 30 or Mazda AJ. It has 3.0 L (2967 cc) of displacement and produces between 200 and 240 horsepower (150 and 180 kW). The same engine is used by the Jaguar S-Type, Lincoln LS, Mazda MPV, Mazda6, Mercury Mystique, and many other Ford vehicles. It is essentially a bored-out (to 88.9 mm) Duratec 25 and is built in Ford's Cleveland, OH #2 plant. A slightly modified version for the Ford Five Hundred entered production at the Cleveland, OH #1 plant in 2004.
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| − | It has an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and an assembled cast aluminum intake manifold.
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| − | The Lincoln LS version has bucket tappets and produces 232 hp (173 kW) at 6750 RPM with 220 ft.lbf (298 Nm) of torque at 4500 RPM.
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| − | The Taurus/Sable/Escape version uses roller followers instead and produces 201 hp (150 kW) at 5900 RPM with 207 ft.lbf (281 Nm) of torque at 4400 RPM.
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| | == Applications == | | == Applications == |
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Mazda's AJ version adds variable valve timing, as does Jaguar's AJ30. It displaces 2886 cc with an 89 mm bore and 79.5 mm stroke. Output (on the MPV) is 200 hp at 6200 RPM with 200 ft.lbf (271 Nm) of torque at 3000 RPM
The 3.0 L, 226 hp V6 used in the Mondeo ST220 is called Duratec ST.
The 3.0 L, 204 hp V6 in the Mondeo Titanium is called Duratec SE.
The Duratec 35 (code-name Cyclone) is a new 3.5 liter V6 that will appear in 2005. It is an all-aluminum engine based on the Duratec 30, and adds variable valve timing, a feature already found on the Jaguar AJ30 and Mazda AJ versions of the 3.0. Its displacement can be increased to 3.8 liters, meaning a Duratec 38 could come soon after.
The aluminum block is made by Teksid in Alabama, while the heads come from Newmak in Mexico, and the crankshaft comes from Bharat Forge of India. The engine will be assembled in Lima, Ohio.
The Ford Yamaha V8 engine is a version of the 2.5 L V6 was produced with two additional cylinders (3.4 L V8) but was not called a Duratec officially.
The 6.0 L V12 used in Aston Martin cars is sometimes erroneously referred to as "essentially two 3.0 L V6 units bolted together". In reality, the engine is custom-built for Aston Martin by Cosworth Technology (both Aston Martin and Cosworth are owned by Ford) and while it uses some standard Duratec components, it is Cosworth's own design. Aston Martin use this engine in the DB7 Vantage, the V12 Vanquish and the DB9.
These engines will generally work with the CD4E, MTX-75 and Durashift gearboxes.
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